Key result
Three-dimensional echocardiography with automated software provides highly reproducible left ventricular function analysis, though normal reference ranges for 3D TTE and TEE still need to be developed.
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Three-dimensional echocardiography is increasingly used for LV volume and function analysis, aided by automated software, though normal reference ranges still need to be established.
Transthoracic (TTE) and transesophageal (TEE) three-dimensional echocardiography (3DE) is now used in daily clinical practice. Advancements in technology have improved image acquisition with higher frame rates and increased resolution. Different 3DE acquisition techniques can be used depending upon the structure of interest and if volumetric analysis is required. Measurements of left ventricular (LV) volumes are the most common use of 3DE clinically but are highly dependent upon image quality. Three-dimensional LV function analysis has been made easier with the development of automated software, which has been found to be highly reproducible. However, further research is needed to develop normal reference range values of LV function for both 3D TTE and TEE.
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Jenkins et al. (2020) conducted a review in Left ventricular function assessment. Three-dimensional echocardiography (3DE) was evaluated. Three-dimensional echocardiography with automated software provides highly reproducible left ventricular function analysis, though normal reference ranges for 3D TTE and TEE still need to be developed.
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