Theoretical Framework IR: World‑Systems Geopolitics and Antisystemic State Action

This document presents the theoretical framework of World‑Systems Geopolitics and Antisystemic State Action, developed by Charles Pennaforte by combining world‑systems analysis with classical and critical geopolitics. In six theses, it argues that the contemporary international order is bifurcating rather than merely multipolar, distinguishes between Proactive and Active states as a typology of contestation, and introduces the concept of an antisystemic imperative to explain how sanctions, wars and narrative struggles drive states to seek alternatives to the U.S.‑led order. The document also emphasizes the role of the Global South – particularly BRICS and BRICS Plus – as a laboratory of the bifurcating order, where new combinations of partnerships, currencies, institutions and narratives are being tested.