Containerization and Kubernetes: Scalable and Efficient Cloud-Native Applications

The rise of cloud computing has revolutionized the way applications are developed, deployed, and managed. Containerization and Kubernetes have emerged as key technologies in this landscape, enabling organizations to build scalable, efficient, and portable cloud-native applications. This paper explores the fundamental concepts of containerization and Kubernetes, their benefits in cloud-native application development, and best practices for implementation. It also discusses advanced tools like Karpenter for optimizing cluster autoscaling. By leveraging these technologies, organizations can achieve greater flexibility, resource efficiency, and operational consistency across diverse cloud environments. The findings suggest that containerization, Kubernetes, and associated tools are critical enablers for modern application architectures, facilitating rapid development, seamless scaling, and efficient resource utilization in cloud-native ecosystems.