Key result
Applying a discrete Fourier transform to intrinsic mode functions for ECG-based emotion recognition achieved an overall classification accuracy of 52% across six emotional states.
An ECG-based emotion recognition system using discrete Fourier transform achieved 52% accuracy in classifying six emotional states, demonstrating the feasibility of user-independent emotion recognition from physiological signals.
ECG-based emotion recognition remains investigational; leaves open need for accuracy gains and clinical validation.
Emotion recognition using physiological signals has gained momentum in the field of human computer–interaction. This work focuses on developing a user‐independent emotion recognition system that would classify five emotions (happiness, sadness, fear, surprise and disgust) and neutral state. The various stages such as design of emotion elicitation protocol, data acquisition, pre‐processing, feature extraction and classification are discussed. Emotional data were obtained from 30 undergraduate students by using emotional video clips. Power and entropy features were obtained in three ways – by decomposing and reconstructing the signal using empirical mode decomposition, by using a Hilbert–Huang transform and by applying a discrete Fourier transform to the intrinsic mode functions (IMFs). Statistical analysis using analysis of variance indicates significant differences among the six emotional states (p < 0.001). Classification results indicate that applying the discrete Fourier transform instead of the Hilbert transform to the IMFs provides comparatively better accuracy for all the six classes with an overall accuracy of 52%. Although the accuracy is less, it reveals the possibility of developing a system that could identify the six emotional states in a user‐independent manner using electrocardiogram signals. The accuracy of the system can be improved by investigating the power and entropy of the individual IMFs.
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Jerritta et al. (2013) studied Emotion recognition (n=30). Discrete Fourier transform applied to intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) vs. Hilbert transform applied to IMFs was evaluated on Overall classification accuracy of six emotional states. Applying a discrete Fourier transform to intrinsic mode functions for ECG-based emotion recognition achieved an overall classification accuracy of 52% across six emotional states.