The COVID-19 pandemic has led colleges and universities to augment their online offerings. For faculty and students, this brings concerns about academic integrity and performance. Findings of prior research conflict as to the prevalence of cheating and differences in student performance online versus in-person. Some scholars have studied methodologies for properly researching the phenomenon and ways to prevent cheating. One approach to preventing online cheating is electronic proctoring. In response to the discrepancies in the literature and the increased proliferation of online instruction, this work analyzes student exam performance in-person versus online versus online with video monitoring.
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Hartley et al. (2025) studied this question.
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