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Investigations of the effects of valinomycin on mitochondria" 2 led to the dis- covery of antibiotic-mediated ion transport.3Subsequent work revealed that this property is shared by valinomycin, the enniatins, the macrolide actins, and the gramicidins, including an extensive array of natural and synthetic analogues.4-6Passive ion permeability effects have been reported obtained with these agents on other systems including erythroeytes,7 synthetic lipid vesicles,7 and artificial bi- molecular lipid leaflets.8' 9The macrolide actins can even mediate cation trans-
Pressman et al. (Wed,) studied this question.