The relationship between design and the world of production has always fluctuated between two main views: the reductionist view of design—as one of the skills required in the product development process to enhance the appeal of the products; and the cultural view of design—as that unique system of competencies, knowledge, and skills, that (including the artifacts, practices, values, and beliefs that belong to the design culture) can envision innovative solutions that meet explicit or latent needs encompassing different constraints
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Deserti et al. (2013) studied this question.
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