Advancements in Remote Photoplethysmography

Advancements in camera technology over the past two decades have made image-based monitoring increasingly accessible for healthcare applications. Imaging photoplethysmography (iPPG) and remote photoplethysmography (rPPG) are non-invasive methods for measuring vital signs, such as heart rate, respiratory rate, oxygen saturation, and blood pressure, without physical contact. rPPG utilizes basic cameras to detect physiological changes, while rPPG enables remote monitoring by capturing subtle skin colour variations linked to blood flow. Various rPPG techniques, including colour-based, motion-based, multispectral, and depth-based approaches, enhance accuracy and resilience. These technologies are beneficial not only for healthcare but also for fitness tracking, stress management, and security systems, offering a promising future for contactless physiological monitoring. In this article, there is an overview of these methods and their uniqueness for use in remote photoplethysmography.