Key result
High-intensity interval training increases VO2max by ~0.43 L/min vs control, driven by central adaptations.
Why the study?
This study was conducted to characterize central and peripheral adaptations to domain-specific endurance exercise training.
Does intensity domain-specific endurance training improve V̇O2max and central/peripheral adaptations in young healthy participants?
RCT (n=84)
age- and sex-matched
Does intensity domain-specific endurance training improve V̇O2max and central/peripheral adaptations in young healthy participants?
p-value: p=< 0.05
Higher training intensities (upper heavy and severe/HIIT) produce the largest improvements in V̇O2max, driven predominantly by central rather than peripheral adaptations.
HIIT should be prioritized to maximize VO2max in young healthy adults; extends RCT evidence that central adaptations predominate.
PURPOSE: This study characterized central and peripheral adaptations to domain-specific endurance exercise training. METHODS: Eighty-four young healthy participants were randomly assigned to age- and sex-matched groups of: continuous cycling in the 1) moderate-intensity (MOD), 2) lower heavy-intensity (HVY1), and 3) upper heavy-intensity (HVY2) domain; interval cycling in the 4) severe-intensity domain (i.e., high-intensity interval training (HIIT), and 5) extreme-intensity domain (i.e., sprint-interval training (SIT)); or 6) control (CON). Two 3-wk phases of training (three sessions per week) were performed. All training protocols, except SIT, were work matched. RESULTS: Maximal oxygen uptake (V̇O 2max ), maximal cardiac output (Q˙ max ), derived maximal arterial-venous oxygen difference (a-vO 2diff ), blood volume (BV), plasma volume (PV), and near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS)-derived muscle oxidative capacity (τOxCap) were measured and compared at PRE and POST. The largest change in V̇O 2max occurred in HIIT (0.43 ± 0.20 L·min -1 ), which was greater than CON (0.02 ± 0.08 L·min -1 ), MOD (0.11 ± 0.19 L·min -1 ), HVY1 (0.24 ± 0.18 L·min -1 ), and SIT (0.28 ± 0.21 L·min -1 ) ( P < 0.05) but not HVY2 (0.36 ± 0.14 L·min -1 ) ( P > 0.05). Changes in Q˙ max were observed in HVY1 (1.6 ± 0.5 L·min -1 ), HVY2 (3.0 ± 0.6 L·min -1 ), HIIT (2.9 ± 1.2 L·min -1 ), and SIT (1.8 ± 1.4 L·min -1 ) ( P < 0.05) but not in MOD (1.2 ± 0.3 L·min -1 ) and CON (0.1 ± -0.5 L·min -1 ) ( P > 0.05). HVY2 and HIIT produced significant changes in BV (438 ± 101 and 302 ± 38 mL) and PV (198 ± 92 and 158 ± 51 mL), respectively ( P < 0.05), whereas other groups did not. CONCLUSIONS: No significant peripheral adaptations (i.e., τOxCap and a-vO 2diff ) were observed in any group ( P > 0.05). The results indicate that higher training intensities (i.e., HVY2 and HIIT) produce larger changes in V̇O 2max , which is supported predominantly by central adaptations. In addition, results suggest that, despite nonsignificant changes, the contribution of peripheral components to changes in V̇O 2max should not be dismissed.
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Inglis et al. (2025) conducted an RCT in Healthy (n=84). Domain-specific endurance exercise training (MOD, HVY1, HVY2, HIIT, SIT) vs. Control was evaluated on Change in maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) (p=< 0.05). High-intensity interval training produced the largest change in VO2max (0.43 ± 0.20 L/min) compared to control (0.02 ± 0.08 L/min; P<0.05), supported predominantly by central adaptations.
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