Alcohol Consumption Is Associated With Postablation Recurrence but Not Changes in Atrial Substrate in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation: Insight from a High‐Density Mapping Study

Figures

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  Figure 1. Details of LA segment and slow‐conduction length measurement. A, Numbers 1 to 6 indicate the anterior wall (1), posterior wall (2), lateral wall (3), septal wall (4), roof (5), and inferior wall (6), respectively. B, Isochronal activation map. First, slow conduction was defined as <30 cm/s (≒4 mm/15 ms). It is set to color contour 3, and 1 color is calculated as 5 ms. C, Slow‐conduction analysis. If a 4‐mm tag is attached and ≥3 colors (=15 ms) are included in the tag, that section is thought to exhibit slow conduction with reference to the above definition. D, Slow‐conduction length. In this case, the slow‐conduction length was 30 mm. AP indicates anteroposterior; LA, left atrium; LPO, left posterior oblique; and RAO, right anterior oblique.

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  Figure 2. Mean LA regional voltage and distribution of low voltage and SCZ in different LA segments. A, Mean LA regional voltage in abstainers, mild drinkers, and moderate‐heavy drinkers. No significant difference in mean LA regional voltage in each segment was observed among the 3 groups. The differences in mean LA regional voltage were analyzed using 1‐way ANOVA, or the Kruskal‐Wallis test, as appropriate. B, Distribution of low voltage in different LA segments in abstainers, mild drinkers, and moderate‐heavy drinkers. No significant difference in the prevalence of low voltage in each segment was observed among the 3 groups. C, Distribution of SCZ in different LA segments in abstainers, mild drinkers, and moderate‐heavy drinkers. No significant difference in the prevalence of SCZ in each segment was observed among the 3 groups. The differences in the prevalence of low voltage or SCZ were analyzed using χ2 test. LA indicates left atrium; and SCZ, slow‐conduction zone.

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  Figure 3. AF recurrence‐free survival after a single and a single or multiple ablations. A, Kaplan‐Meier curves for AF recurrence‐free survival after a single ablation in abstainers and drinkers. B, Kaplan‐Meier curves for AF recurrence‐free survival after a single or multiple ablations in abstainers and drinkers. Log‐rank statistics were used to make comparisons between the two groups. AF indicates atrial fibrillation.