Training History, Cardiac Autonomic Recovery from Submaximal Exercise and Associated Performance in Recreational Runners

Figures

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  Figure 1. Overview of experimental trial protocol; (A) timeline of exercises performed by subjects; PE—prolonged exertion in the form of a half-marathon run; SSE—short-lasting submaximal exercise; (B) timeline of short-lasting submaximal cycling exercise; HRmax—maximal heart rate; HRV—heart rate variability.

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  Figure 2. The time course of HR (A), HRR (B), ln(LF/HF) (C), lnHF (D), and lnRMSSD (E) measured preSSE and postSSE over all five measuring timepoints during experimental trial (before—before PE (baseline), day0—1 h after PE, day1—1 day after PE, day2—2 days after PE, day7—one week after PE). HR—heart rate; HRR30—heart rate recovery in 30 s; HRR60—heart rate recovery in 60 s; ln(LF/HF)—ln transform of the ratio of low-frequency power to high-frequency power in frequency domain heart rate variability; lnHF—ln transform of high frequency power of frequency domaine heart rate variability measured in normalized units; lnRMSSD—ln transform of root mean square of successive interval differences of time domaine heart rate variability; PE—prolonged exertion; SSE—short-lasting submaximal exercise. Values are represented as mean ± standard deviation. *—statistically significant compared to baseline (before), p—corresponding p value; #—statistically significant difference postSSE versus preSSE.

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  Figure 3. The time course of the change in cardiac parasympathetic activity indices versus baseline represented by lnHF% (A), HRR30% (B), and lnRMSSD% (C) over the experimental trail (day0—1 h after PE, day1—1 day after PE, day2—2 days after PE, day7—one week after PE). lnHF%—the ratio of ln transform of high-frequency power of frequency domain heart rate variability measured in normalized units at each particular time point after PE and corresponding baseline value; HRR30%—the ratio of heart rate recovery in 30 s after exercise cessation at each particular time point after PE and corresponding baseline value; lnRMSSD%—the ratio of ln transform of root mean square of successive interval differences of time domain heart rate variability at each particular time point after PE and corresponding baseline value; PE—prolonged exertion; SSE—short-lasting submaximal exercise. Values are represented as mean ± standard deviation. *—statistically significant compared to day0, p—corresponding p value.

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  Figure 4. The change in mean value of six selected indices on the same day (A) and one day following PE (B) with respect to baseline, represented in hexagon graph. Pmax%—the ratio of maximal power output at each particular time point after PE and its baseline value; HRR30%—the ratio of heart rate recovery in 30 s at each particular time point after PE and its baseline value; lnRMSSD%—the ratio of ln transform of root mean square of successive interval differences of time domain heart rate variability at each particular time point after PE and its baseline value; lnHF%—the ratio of ln transform of high frequency power of frequency domain heart rate variability measured in normalized units at each particular time point after PE and its baseline value; RR%—the ratio of cardiac cycle duration (HR-1) at each particular time point after PE and its baseline value; PE—prolonged exertion; SSE—short-lasting submaximal exercise; p—corresponding p value; *—p < 0.05. Bold line represents baseline values.