Key result
Functional near-infrared spectroscopy during the Stroop test showed higher right-sided prefrontal activation in nonamnestic MCI vs normal elderly, suggesting neural compensation.
Why the study?
Prefrontal cortex activation levels and neural compensatory mechanisms across different types of mild cognitive impairment and cognitive tasks remained to be comparatively analyzed.
Does the hemodynamic response in the prefrontal cortex during cognitive tasks differ among normal elderly, amnestic MCI, and nonamnestic MCI groups?
Cross-Sectional
Does the hemodynamic response in the prefrontal cortex during cognitive tasks differ among normal elderly, amnestic MCI, and nonamnestic MCI groups?
The Stroop test elicits neural compensatory mechanisms in the prefrontal cortex in patients with nonamnestic mild cognitive impairment.
Answers are grounded in this paper and cite their sources.
May indicate compensatory prefrontal activation in nonamnestic MCI during Stroop; leaves open fNIRS utility for MCI subtyping.
The present pilot study was aimed at conducting a comparative analysis of the level of activation in the prefrontal cortex among a normal elderly group and amnestic and nonamnestic mild cognitive impairment (MCI) groups and investigating the presence of neural compensatory mechanisms according to types of MCI and different cognitive tasks. We performed functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) along with cognitive tasks, including two-back test, Korean color word Stroop test, and semantic verbal fluency task (SVFT), to investigate hemodynamic response and the presence of neural compensation and neuroplasticity in the prefrontal cortex of patients with amnestic and nonamnestic MCI compared with a healthy elderly group. During the two-back test, there was no significant difference in the bilateral region-of-interest (ROI) analysis in the three groups. During the Stroop test, right-sided hyperactivation compared to the left side during the task was shown in the nonamnestic MCI and normal groups with statistical significance. Mean acc∆HbO2 on the right side was highest in the nonamnestic MCI group (0.30 μM) followed by the normal group (0.07 μM ) and the amnestic MCI group (-0.10 μM ). Otherwise, intergroup ROI analysis of acc∆HbO2 in these activated right sides showed no significant difference. During the VFT test, there was no significant difference in the bilateral region-of-interest analysis in the three groups. The highest mean acc∆HbO2 was shown in the normal group (0.79 μM ) followed by the nonamnestic MCI group (0.52 μM ) and the amnestic MCI group (0.21 μM) . Otherwise, there was no significant difference between groups. The hemodynamic response during fNIRS showed different findings according to MCI types and cognitive tasks. Among the three tasks, the Stroop test showed results that were suggestive of neural compensatory mechanisms in the prefrontal cortex in nonamnestic MCI.
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Yoon et al. (2019) conducted a cross-sectional in Mild Cognitive Impairment. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) during cognitive tasks vs. Healthy elderly group was evaluated on Mean acc∆HbO2 on the right side during the Stroop test. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy during the Stroop test showed higher right-sided prefrontal activation in nonamnestic MCI vs normal elderly, suggesting neural compensation.
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