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Complex organizations can be described in terms of three models-Weberian, human relation, and professional. The first is most efficient when dealing with uniform events and traditional areas of knowledge, the second when dealing with non-uniform events and interpersonal relations, while the third is ideal where organizations are split, having some segments requiring uniformity and others not. The third model covers the great bulk of organizations in contemporary society. Therefore, one of the key theoretical problems in complex organizations is the study of structural procedures by which the conflicting forces are harnessed to organizational goals.
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Eugene Litwak (1961) studied this question.
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