Study on the Antioxidant and Anti-Myocardial Fibrosis Effects of a Phenylpropanoid Compound (Xanthiumnolic C) Derived from Schisandra sphenanthera

Figures

• 

  1. Structural diagram of W-23.

• 

  2. Results of antioxidant activity determination for compound Xanthiumnolic C. (A) Effect of Xanthiumnolic C on TGF-β1-induced ROS production. (B) The total antioxidant capacity of the compound. (C) The hydroxyl radical scavenging ability of the compound. (D) The DPPH free radical scavenging ability of the compound.

• 

  3. Cell viability following treatment with various concentrations of Xanthiumnolic C. (A) Effect of Xanthiumnolic C on cell viability. (B) Effect of Xanthiumnolic C on the viability of CFs stimulated by TGF-β1.

• 

  4. Effect of compound Xanthiumnolic C on the morphology of CFs induced by TGF-β1. (A) The cell morphology of the control group. (B) The cell morphology of the model group. (C) The cell morphology of the positive control group. (D) The cell morphology of the drug group (200× magnification).

• 

  5. Effect of compound Xanthiumnolic C on the expression of Vim and the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway proteins following TGF-β1-induced CFs (A). The bar chart illustrates the fold change of Vim/β-actin (B), TGF-β1/β-actin (C), Smad2/3/β-actin (D), P-Smad2/β-actin (E), and P-Smad3/β-actin (F) (n = 3). Compared with the model group, *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01; compared with the control group, # P < 0.05, ## P < 0.01.

• 

  6. Effect of compound Xanthiumnolic C on the expression of Collagen I and Collagen III proteins in CFs induced by TGF-β1 (A). The bar graph illustrates the fold change of Collagen I/β-actin (B) and Collagen III/β-actin (C) (n = 3). Compared with the model group, *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01; compared with the control group, # P < 0.05, ## P < 0.01. Note: Group 1 is the control group; Group 2 is the TGF-β1 model group; Group 3 is the TGF-β1 + captopril positive control group; Group 4 is the TGF-β1 + 50 μg·mL–1compound Xanthiumnolic C administration group. Compared with the model group, *P< 0.05, **P< 0.01; compared with the control group, # P < 0.05, ## P < 0.01.

• 

  7. Effect of compound Xanthiumnolic C on the expression of (A) α-SMA protein in CFs induced by TGF-β1. (B) The bar graph displays the fold change of α-SMA/β-actin (n = 3). Panel C shows the effect of 50 μg·mL–1 Xanthiumnolic C on the expression of α-SMA protein in CFs induced by TGF-β1(400×). Compared with the model group, *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01; compared with the control group, # P < 0.05, ## P < 0.01.

• 

  8. Effect of compound Xanthiumnolic C on the expression of (A) FN protein in CFs induced by TGF-β1. (B) The bar graph illustrates the fold change of FN/β-actin (n = 3). Panel C shows the effect of 50 μg·mL–1 Xanthiumnolic C on the expression of FN protein in CFs induced by TGF-β1 (400×). Compared with the model group, *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01; compared with the control group, # P < 0.05, ## P < 0.01.

• 

  9. Panels A–F illustrate the effect of compound Xanthiumnolic C on the mRNA expression levels of Acta 2, Vim, FN, Col I 1a1, MMP-2, and MMP-9 in CFs induced by TGF-β1 (n = 3). Compared with the model group, *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01; compared with the control group, # P < 0.05, ## P < 0.01.