Influence of methylprednisolone on cytokine balance during cardiac surgery

Objective To determine the influence of methylprednisolone on the cytokine balance during cardiac surgery. Design Prospective, randomized, nonblinded study. Setting University hospital. Patients Twenty-one patients on cardiopulmonary bypass undergoing aortocoronary bypass surgery. Interventions According to a randomized sequence, the patients either received methylprednisolone (30 micro signg/kg) before cardiopulmonary bypass and before declamping of the aorta (MPS group, n = 11) or received nothing (control group, n = 10). Measurements and Main Results Serum proinflammatory cytokines (interleukin IL-8, IL-6) and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10, IL-1ra) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Serum IL-6 and IL-8 concentrations in the control group (15.2 +/- 4.1 and 14.1 +/- 1.9 pg/mL, preoperatively) increased to 242 +/- 70.1 and 97.3 +/- 18.3 pg/mL at 60 mins after declamping of the aorta (p < .01, p < .01, respectively). The increases were greater than those from 2.5 +/- 0.6 and 2.5 +/- 0.5 pg/mL to 109.5 +/- 29.0 and 33 +/- 4.1 pg/mL in the MPS group for IL-6 and IL-8, respectively. Serum IL-10 concentrations increased significantly 60 mins after declamping of the aorta compared with its preoperative value in the two groups (the control group, from 1.0 +/- 0 to 537.9 +/- 61.7 pg/mL; the MPS group, from 0.3 +/- 0.2 to 654.9 +/- 24 pg/mL p < .01, p < .01, respectively). No difference was found between the two groups. Similarly, serum IL-1ra concentrations in the two groups increased the preoperative value in the control group from 304 +/- 120 to 44,374 +/- 14,631 pg/mL and in the MPS group from 616.5 +/- 109.6 to 35,598 +/- 9,074 pg/mL at 60 mins after declamping of the aorta (p < .01, p < .01, respectively). There was no difference between the two groups. Conclusions Methylprednisolone reduces the production of IL-6 and IL-8 but not that of IL-10 and IL-1ra. These results suggest that one of the mechanisms of the cytoprotective effect of methylprednisolone may be to make changes in the proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokine balance. (Crit Care Med 1999; 27:545-548)