Modeling the physical layer of air-to-space optical communication networks using the modified multi-scale method

To support the development of free-space-optical (FSO) communication technologies, an end-to-end physical layer model of a satellite communication service was developed. This service involves physical processes spanning multiple time scales: hours (relative platform dynamics), minutes (link selection, atmospheric attenuation), milliseconds (atmospheric turbulence, platform disturbances), and nanoseconds (photon and bit transportation). The modified multi-scale method (MMM) was used to combine the physics of these processes and to model an end-to-end global FSO communication service between an airborne platform and a satellite constellation. The method provides a better understanding of physical interdependencies, allows performance analysis on multiple time scales, and enables valuable insight into where to optimize such a service. The results show realistic performance metrics when compared to other smaller-scale models and demonstrations. The MMM can be used as a mission performance indicator of an end-to-end satellite communication service.