Development of Generic Quality Indicators for Patient-Centered Cancer Care by Using a RAND Modified Delphi Method

BACKGROUND: Despite growing attention to patient-centered care, the needs of cancer patients are not always met. OBJECTIVE: Using a RAND modified Delphi method, this study aimed to systematically develop evidence-based indicators, to be used to measure the quality of patient-centered cancer care as a first step toward improvement. METHODS: First, key recommendations were identified from literature and were distributed over 5 domains of patient-centered cancer care: communication, physical support, psychosocial care, after-care, and organization of care. Generic key recommendations, with best available evidence, were selected from guidelines. A multidisciplinary panel of patients and medical professionals (n = 14) rated and prioritized these recommendations in a written procedure. Subsequently, the panel discussed the recommendations at a consensus meeting. RESULTS: Key recommendations were identified for communication (n = 32), physical support (n = 13), psychosocial care (n = 25), after-care (n = 11), and organization of care (n = 11). For all domains, recommendations based on high-level evidence were identified except for after-care and physical support. The panel developed 17 indicators concerning criteria for communication and informed consent, evaluation of communication skills, provision of information, examination of emotional health, appointment of a care coordinator, physical complaints, follow-up, rehabilitation, psychosocial effects of waiting times, and self-management. CONCLUSIONS: A set of 17 indicators for patient-centered cancer care resulted from this study. Evidence support was available for most indicators. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: This set provides an opportunity to measure and improve the quality of patient-centered cancer care. It is generic and therefore applies to many patients.