Key result
Atherosclerotic plaques increase across the cardiometabolic continuum, reaching 35% in type 2 diabetes.
Why the study?
The study was conducted to assess the prevalence of target organ damage across various stages of the cardiometabolic continuum, including abdominal obesity without metabolic syndrome, metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Does the prevalence of target organ damage increase progressively across the cardiometabolic continuum from isolated abdominal obesity to type 2 diabetes mellitus?
Cross-Sectional (n=1,104)
No
Does the prevalence of target organ damage increase progressively across the cardiometabolic continuum from isolated abdominal obesity to type 2 diabetes mellitus?
Target organ damage, particularly carotid atherosclerosis, is already prevalent in individuals with isolated abdominal obesity and progressively increases with the development of metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes.
Answers are grounded in this paper and cite their sources.
Carotid atherosclerosis emerges early across the cardiometabolic continuum; supports progressive TOD assessment but leaves causal inference and practice change open.
Objective: to assess the prevalence of target organ damage (TOD) at various stages of the cardiometabolic continuum, including abdominal obesity (AO) without metabolic syndrome (MS), MS, and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). Materials and methods: this study presents an analysis of data from a sample of residents of Tomsk (1,104 examined from an unorganized adult population of 25-64 years), performed within the framework of the ESSAY RF-2012 project (Epidemiology of Cardiovascular Diseases in the Regions of the Russian Federation). The analysis included the presence of LV hypertrophy (LVH), a decrease in glomerular filtration rate (GFR), an increase in the thickness of the intima-media complex (TIM), the presence of atherosclerotic plaques (ASP) in the common carotid arteries (CCA). Results: TODs were already reported among individuals with isolated AO (without MS), whose prevalence was statistically significantly higher compared to those with normal body weight. Atherosclerosis of CCA turned out to be the most frequent TOD phenotype, ASP was detected in 22% of individuals with isolated AO, in 33% patients with MS and 35% patients with type 2 DM, the second most common was LVH, which was detected in 0.8%, 4,7% and 17,5% of cases, respectively, the least common was a decrease in GFR – in 1,37%, 3,7% and 6,7% of patients, respectively. Differences in the frequency of TOD in all groups were statistically significant (p < 0,01). Conclusions: Thus, the prevalence of TODs detected already at the stage of isolated AO progressively increased from group to group, as they moved along the cardiometabolic continuum.
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Zhernakova et al. (2022) conducted a cross-sectional in Cardiometabolic continuum (abdominal obesity, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes) (n=1,104). Cardiometabolic continuum stages vs. Normal body weight was evaluated on Prevalence of target organ damage (LVH, decreased GFR, increased TIM, ASP in CCA) (p=<0.01). Atherosclerotic plaques increased across the cardiometabolic continuum, occurring in 22% of isolated abdominal obesity, 33% of metabolic syndrome, and 35% of type 2 diabetes patients.
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