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ABSTRACT Aim To exploratorily compare the shifts in the salivary microbiome composition after administration of two combined systemic antibiotic regimens used in the surgical treatment of peri‐implantitis. Materials and Methods A subset of 27 patients treated surgically for peri‐implantitis with an adjunctive 7‐day course of systemic antibiotics were included (group A, amoxicillin and metronidazole; group B, phenoxymethylpenicillin and metronidazole). Unstimulated saliva was collected before surgery followed by 8 days, 14 days, 6 months and 12 months post surgery. Microbiome profiling was performed using standardised and automated pipelines for DNA extraction and whole genome shotgun sequencing (WGS). Results WGS identified 498 species across 194 genera and 16 phyla, with Firmicutes and Actinobacteria being the most abundant. A distinct decrease in alpha diversity was observed on Day 8 relative to baseline across both antibiotic regimens, with signs of richness recovery by Day 14. Alpha and beta diversity analyses showed no statistically significant differences between interventions over the 12‐month observation period. Conclusion Both adjunctive antibiotic regimens applied in the surgical treatment of peri‐implantitis caused comparable ecological disturbances in the salivary microbiome, with no microbiological or clinical evidence supporting the superiority of one regimen over the other. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02185209
Riben‐Grundstrom et al. (Mon,) studied this question.