Unraveling Overcontrolled and Undercontrolled Nonsuicidal Self-Injury: A Grounded Theory

Nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) has historically been associated with deficits in impulse control; however, evidence suggests that individuals high in self-control also self-injure.This constructivist grounded theory study aimed to explore the nature of undercontrolled and overcontrolled self-injury to fill gaps in the literature and to improve clinical understanding and treatment.The resulting Theory of Overcontrolled and Undercontrolled Self-Injury provides a preliminary understanding of the mechanisms that guide overcontrolled and undercontrolled NSSI, the processes that can facilitate individuals switching profiles, and the processes that lead to cessation of self-injurious behavior, thereby contributing to the development of more comprehensive theories of self-harm.Additionally, clinical implications for developing assessments and interventions aimed at preventing and treating NSSI are discussed.