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This paper presents a wearable system based on low-cost inertial sensors for the continuous monitoring of driver motion and behavior under controlled urban driving conditions. The system consists of distributed wearable units placed on the head, neck, and torso, each equipped with an inertial measurement unit (IMU) that measures linear acceleration and angular velocity. The acquired data are processed in real time to characterize the driver’s kinematic response during vehicle operation. The main contribution of this work is the definition of a novel Driving Aggressiveness Index (DAI) for quantitative driving style assessment. The proposed index integrates motion-derived features based on acceleration and angular velocity and combines information from multiple body segments through a normalization and weighting strategy, enabling a compact and interpretable representation of driver behavior. Experimental validation was conducted in an urban driving scenario under controlled traffic-free conditions, including typical maneuvers such as straight driving, braking, roundabout navigation, lane changes, and yielding, performed under both normal and aggressive driving styles. The results demonstrate that the monitoring system captures distinct kinematic patterns and that the proposed index provides a clear and consistent separation between driving behaviors. A data-driven threshold is also defined, enabling the quantitative classification of driving styles. Overall, the proposed approach offers an interpretable, scalable, and real-time solution for driver monitoring, with potential applications in road safety and sustainable mobility.
Garrosa et al. (Mon,) studied this question.