Community economic development approaches can be usefully distinguished according to whether they promote growth, structural change, or community relationships (i e , whether they emphasize "economic," "development," or "community") Each approach has its own history, as indicated herein by examples drawn primarily from Canada Planners should be aware of how the approaches differ in their assumptions, and the implications of these differences for goals, strategies, and planners' practice.
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Boothroyd et al. (1993) studied this question.
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