Key result
Emergency department hs-cTnI and hs-cTnT testing is essential for detecting myocardial injury and predicting MACE.
Why the study?
To analyze models and clinical issues related to implementing accelerated diagnostic protocols based on specific cardiac biomarkers in emergency department patients with symptoms of acute cardiac disorders.
The measurement of specific cardiac biomarkers, particularly hs-cTnI and hs-cTnT, is essential for the early identification of myocardial injury, risk stratification, and predicting mortality and MACE in ED patients with suspected acute cardiovascular disease.
The aim of this article review is to analyze some models and clinical issues related to the implementation of accelerated diagnostic protocols based on specific cardiac biomarkers in patients admitted to the emergency department (ED) with symptoms compatible with acute cardiac disorders. Four specific clinical issues will be discussed in detail: (a) pathophysiological and clinical interpretations of circulating hs-cTnI and hs-cTnT levels; (b) the clinical relevance and estimation of the biological variation of biomarkers in patients admitted to the ED with acute and severe diseases; (c) the role and advantages of the point-of-care testing (POCT) methods for cardiac-specific biomarkers in pre-hospital and hospital clinical practice; and (d) the clinical role of specific cardiac biomarkers in patients with acute heart failure (AHF). In order to balance the risk between a hasty discharge versus the potential harms caused by a cardiac assessment in patients admitted to the ED with suspected acute cardiovascular disease, the measurement of specific cardiac biomarkers is essential for the early identification of the presence of myocardial dysfunction and/or injury and to significantly reduce the length and costs of hospitalization. Moreover, specific cardiac biomarkers (especially hs-cTnI and hs-cTnT) are useful predictors of mortality and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in patients admitted to the ED with suspected acute cardiovascular disease. To guide the implementation of the most rapid algorithms for the diagnosis of Non-ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (NSTEMI) into routine clinical practice, clinical scientific societies and laboratory medicine societies should promote collaborative studies specifically designed for the evaluation of the analytical performance and, especially, the cost/benefit ratio resulting from the use of these clinical protocols and POCT methods in the ED clinical practice.
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Aspromonte et al. (2023) conducted a review in Suspected acute cardiovascular disease. Cardiac-specific biomarkers (hs-cTnI, hs-cTnT, POCT) was evaluated. Measurement of specific cardiac biomarkers (hs-cTnI and hs-cTnT) in the emergency department is essential for early identification of myocardial injury and predicting mortality and MACE.
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