Clinical psychopathology-based early relapse prediction model using speech and language in psychosis

This is the authors' abstract. We don't add key points for this paper.

Prediction of psychotic relapse using speech-derived markers promises targeted early intervention. However, the sheer number of speech markers and the ‘black box’ nature of predictive models challenges clinical translation. We propose a psychopathology-based systematic approach to identify likely relapse. We draw on the notion that the predictors of relapse should mark (1) the presence of schizophrenia in its untreated early stages and (2) track disorganization in psychosis. By leveraging Natural Language Processing, we derive 3 lexical, syntactic and narrative markers -semantic similarity, clause complexity, and analytic thinking index from speech samples of people with acute psychosis ( n = 68) followed up for subsequent relapses over a year (12 out of 68). Speech-based model predicted relapse status with strong evidence (Bayes Factor BF 10 = 79.5) against the clinical intuition model. Using a Bayesian approach, this preliminary study demonstrates the utility of psychopathology-guided variable selection for speech-based relapse prediction complementing clinical intuition in practice. • Speech markers may have greater predictive utility for relapses than clinical intuition. • Analytic thinking and clause complexity relate to relapse risk. • Positive thought disorder severity relates to early relapse. • Brief speech samples provide prognostic information. • Psychopathology-guided feature selection enhances model interpretability.