A Comprehensive Review of Human Factors and Ergonomics in Industry 5.0

The transition from Industry 4.0 to Industry 5.0 marks a pivotal shift toward human-centric manufacturing, where advanced technologies are designed to enhance rather than replace human capabilities. Human Factors and Ergonomics (HFE) play a vital role in ensuring that this transformation balances both worker well-being and system performance. However, existing research reveals a notable gap in fully understanding HFE’s role across the different levels of human–system interactions. This paper presents a comprehensive literature review, offering key insights and future directions to address this gap and highlighting the need for broader perspectives in designing human-centric systems.