Key result
Depression linked to higher CVD mortality when combined with baseline disease or living alone.
Why the study?
The role of common risk factors in modulating the association between depression and CVD mortality, and whether their co-occurrence has a cumulative impact, remains largely unknown.
Do common risk factors modulate the association between depression and cardiovascular disease mortality in adults?
Cohort (n=22,177)
Do common risk factors modulate the association between depression and cardiovascular disease mortality in adults?
The study identifies a complex interaction between depression and common risk factors, such as a protective effect of overweight and a compounding risk from baseline CVD or living alone, on CVD mortality.
May guide risk assessment incorporating social factors in depressed adults; leaves open causality and intervention effects.
BACKGROUND: Depression has been linked to a worse prognosis of Cardiovascular disease (CVD), and these two diseases share a variety of common risk factors such as unhealthy lifestyles and chronic medical conditions. However, the potential role of these common risk factors in modulating the association between depression and CVD mortality and whether the co-occurrence of depression and a specific common risk factor has a cumulative impact on CVD mortality are still largely unknown. METHODS: We pooled data from 2005-2014 of Nation health and nutritional examination survey, leading to a study population of 22,177 adults. The Patient Health Questionnaire was employed to assess the depression symptoms, and information on CVD mortality was obtained from the linked mortality file of NHANES. Fourteen common risk factors of depression and CVD were included in this study. RESULTS: Based on the interaction analyses, we found overweight was protective for the risk of CVD death in depressive participants, but not in people without depression. Moreover, relative risk-based analyses indicated a mutually promotive effect of depression and baseline CVD or living alone on CVD mortality. CONCLUSION: The novel findings in our study may facilitate risk stratification in the clinical programs targeting CVD mortality and help to shed light on the differential pathophysiological mechanisms in the depression-mediated elevation of CVD mortality.
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Jia et al. (2021) conducted a cohort in Depression and Cardiovascular Disease (n=22,177). Depression and 14 common risk factors vs. Participants without depression or specific risk factors was evaluated on Cardiovascular disease mortality. Depression combined with baseline cardiovascular disease or living alone increased cardiovascular mortality risk, whereas being overweight was protective against CVD death in depressive participants.
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