Systematic Review Overview: Vocational Rehabilitation Interventions for Persons with Substance Use Disorders

Background Vocational rehabilitation (VR) is crucial for individuals with substance use disorders (SUDs). The interplay between employment and SUD recovery is intricate, and VR agencies can significantly improve employment prospects and overall wellness. Objective This overview consolidates findings from systematic reviews focused on VR interventions aimed at improving employment outcomes for individuals with SUDs. Method Following PRISMA guidelines, we conducted a comprehensive search of electronic databases (2014–2025) for systematic reviews on VR interventions for SUDs. Six reviews (69 unique studies, N = 11,236 participants) met the inclusion criteria. Data were synthesized narratively. Results Supported employment models—particularly Individual Placement and Support (IPS) and Comprehensive Employment Support (CES)—demonstrated the strongest evidence, improving employment rates (e.g., IPS achieved 76% competitive employment at 12 months vs. 28% in standard care). Key barriers included fragmented service systems, employer stigma, and sobriety requirements, while facilitators involved integrated care, rapid job placement, and individualized support. Significant gaps included limited long-term data, demographic underrepresentation, and inconsistent outcome measures. Conclusion VR interventions for SUDs should prioritize evidence-based, person-centered models (e.g., IPS) alongside policy reforms to address systemic barriers. Future research must standardize metrics, extend follow-up periods, and include diverse populations to ensure equitable access and efficacy.