Performance Analysis of Multi-Faceted UWOC Receivers Based on Regular Polyhedral Geometries

Motivated by the requirements for wide field-of-view (FOV) reception in underwater wireless optical communication (UWOC) systems, this study investigates the performance of multi-faceted receivers based on various regular polyhedral geometries. A truncated Gumbel minimum distribution model with geometric boundary constraints is proposed in order to characterize the statistical properties of the minimum incidence deflection angle associated with the selected receiving facet. Numerical simulations demonstrate that the proposed model effectively captures the angular response characteristics of multi-faceted receivers, with the root mean square error (RMSE) of the fitted cumulative distribution function (CDF) below 2.2×10−2 for all regular polyhedral structures. Furthermore, this paper evaluates the effects of different polyhedral structures and receiver FOVs on the bit error rate (BER) and outage probability. The results further show that system performance does not vary monotonically with the number of receiving facets. Under the constraints of the same total effective detection area and unified system parameters, the dodecahedral structure achieves the best performance in terms of average BER and outage probability, followed by the cube, whereas the icosahedral structure exhibits the worst performance. Taking typical link distances of 35–40 m as an example, the average BER of the dodecahedral structure is approximately one order of magnitude lower than that of the icosahedral structure. These findings provide design guidance for the structural design and parameter optimization of multi-faceted receivers in UWOC systems.