Agriculture is one of the most important sectors for global food production, but traditional farming methods face major challenges such as labor shortages, inefficient water usage, weed management, and low productivity. To address these problems, this paper presents a Swarm-Enabled Multifunctional Agriculture Robot based on Artificial Intelligence (AI), Internet of Things (IoT), and Raspberry Pi technology. The proposed system is designed to automate agricultural activities such as weed detection and cutting, seed sowing, irrigation control, and remote field monitoring.The robot uses a Raspberry Pi as the central processing unit for image processing, autonomous navigation, sensor integration, and IoT communication. A camera module captures real-time crop images, while AI-based image analysis identifies weeds for targeted cutting operations. The system also integrates soil moisture sensing and smart irrigation control to optimize water usage. Through IoT connectivity, the robot can be monitored and controlled remotely using a mobile application or cloud dashboard.The proposed architecture supports future swarm integration, where multiple robots can collaboratively perform farming tasks over large agricultural fields. The system is cost-effective, modular, scalable, and suitable for small and medium-scale farms. Experimental observations show improved operational efficiency, reduced human labor, better water management, and enhanced precision farming capabilities.
Shinde et al. (Mon,) studied this question.
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