Wound Healing Application of Bacterial Cellulose Composite Films: A Comparative Study

Bacterial cellulose (BC) is a promising wound dressing material due to its excellent biocompatibility and water retention, but its lack of intrinsic bioactivity limits its therapeutic efficacy. In this study, four bioactive polysaccharides—chitosan (CS), chitosan oligosaccharide (COS), Aloe polysaccharide (AP), and sea cucumber polysaccharide (SCP)—were incorporated into BC membranes via an in situ fermentation approach to enhance wound healing performance. The optimal addition levels for maximizing membrane yield were determined to be 0.5% for CS, 1% for COS, 2% for AP, and 3% for SCP. Compared with pure BC membranes, all four composite membranes exhibited significantly higher tensile strength. Their microstructure, physical properties, and in vitro performance were systematically compared. In a full‐thickness skin wound infection model in mice, all composite membranes significantly accelerated wound healing by day 6 ( p < 0.05). Notably, by day 9, the 2% AP‐BC and 3% SCP‐BC groups continued to show significant healing promotion ( p < 0.05), indicating that different polysaccharides exert time‐dependent and composition‐specific effects on wound repair. These findings demonstrate that polysaccharide‐BC composite membranes are effective wound dressings and provide a basis for selecting bioactive components for time‐sensitive wound care.