Design and Development of Chitosan-Based Nanocomposite Films Enriched withTailored AgNPs Derived from Cassia fistula Flower Extract for BiotherapeuticApplications

Introduction: Chitosan (CS) is a natural biopolymer widely appreciated for its versatile biological attributes, such as biocompatibility and biodegradability, making it an alternative for biomedical applications. The recent trend in nanotechnology has led to the development of CS based composite biomaterials by incorporating the phytochemicals and biosynthesized silver nanoparticles (AgnPs). These modifications to the CS backbone broaden its biomedical applications. Methods: The CS embedded nanocomposite film (CS_CFF_AgNPs) was developed via the incorporation of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) derived from Cassia fistula flower extracts. The developed nanofilm was characterized using multiple analytical techniques. Different parameters of physicochemical properties were studied. The films underwent in vitro biological assays of antioxidant potential via DPPH, and antimicrobial efficacy via agar well diffusion method. Additionally, cytotoxicity and scratch assays were performed to determine its woundhealing capabilities. Results: The CS_CFF_AgNPs nanocomposite film exhibited distinct, well-defined physicochemical properties and biotherapeutic activity. FTIR, XRD, and TGA techniques confirmed its successful fabrication, and enhanced antioxidant activity and notable antibacterial efficacy were observed. Cytotoxicity and scratch assays revealed high cell viability and accelerated cell migration, supporting its regenerative potential. Discussion: The improved therapeutic activity of the developed CS_CFF_AgNPs nanocomposite is likely due to the synergistic effects of CS, CFF phytochemicals and biogenic AgNPs, as evidenced by improved DPPH and ZOI along with accelerated wound healing. Conclusion: Overall, this study displays the promising potential of the CS_CFF_AgNPs nanocomposite as a sustainable and effective functional biomaterial. The observed enhanced antioxidant, antimicrobial, and woundhealing properties supports its viable candidature for advanced biomedical applications, especially in regenerative medicine and infection management.