Diverse Sesquiterpenoids With Antidiabetic Potency From the Fruits of Alpinia oxyphylla

Five new sesquiterpenoids, alpinoxyphyllols C‒G ( 6 ‒ 10 ), and 13 known ones were isolated from the fruits of Alpinia oxyphylla . Their structures were determined by extensive 1D and 2D NMR, HRESIMS, [α] D , and ECD spectroscopic data, and quantum chemical calculation. Compounds 1 , 2, and 5 could promote the cellular glucose uptake by 15.0 %, 10.3 % and 20.7 % at 20 µM. Compound 3 showed inhibitory activity against both αglucosidase and PTP1B with inhibition rates of 42.5 ± 1.2% and 21.5 ± 1.6% at 200 µM. This study manifests that the eremophilane‐type sesquiterpenoids in A. oxyphylla possess promising anti‐diabetic potential and warrant further investigation.