Review of Evidence-Based Antidiabetic Potential by Exploring Newer Insights into ADIPOQ Gene Signalling Pathways

Introduction: One of the most significant public health issues facing all countries is Diabetes mellitus, whose prevalence has more than doubled over the last three decades. The prevalence of prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) has increased markedly among children, adolescents, and young adults over the past two decades. Effective management typically involves lifestyle changes and pharmacological intervention, particularly oral antidiabetic agents for Type 2 diabetes. However, current therapies face limitations, including adverse effects and issues with patient adherence. Due to its significant influence on insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes, adiponectin has been identified as a key protective factor against the harmful metabolic and cardiovascular effects of obesity. In order to improve ATP synthesis, adiponectin primarily acts by decreasing hepatic gluconeogenesis and increasing muscular glucose transport. Methods: A comprehensive review of recent literature (2010-2025) was conducted using databases such as PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Nature. The selected studies included in vitro experiments, in vivo models, and in silico simulations that investigated adiponectin’s molecular mechanisms, receptor interactions, therapeutic implications, and translational challenges. Results: Evidence demonstrates that adiponectin improves insulin sensitivity, stimulates fatty acid oxidation, reduces hepatic lipid accumulation, and exerts anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. In silico studies, including molecular docking, molecular dynamics, and structural modeling, have accelerated the discovery of potential AdipoR agonists. Discussion: Adiponectin is a multifunctional regulator that bridges the gap between metabolic regulation and innovative therapeutics, offering great potential for the management of diabetes. In order to overcome translational obstacles, future advancements will depend on integrating computational predictions with experimental validation and developing customized treatment techniques. Conclusion: ADIPOQ or its signaling pathway could be targeted as a promising strategy for developing novel antidiabetic interventions.