Benefits of Surgical Management in Ileocecal Crohn’s Disease: A Review of the Past Decade (2020–2026)

Background and Objectives: The management of localized ileocecal Crohn’s disease (CD) is undergoing a significant paradigm shift from traditional “step-up” medical escalation toward proactive early surgical intervention. With the evolution of surgical therapies as well as various minimally invasive procedures, as well as a better understanding of inflammatory bowel diseases, surgery is playing a more important role in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. One of the most common occurrences in Crohn’s disease, the ileocecal localization can present with a lot of dilemmas regarding the optimal treatment in both adult patients and pediatric patients alike. One of the biggest challenges remains the decision between early surgery and continuous biological treatment, which can prove a challenge from multiple standpoints ranging from cost-efficiency to recurrence rate. This review highlights the latest changes in surgical management in ileocecal Crohn’s disease, focusing primarily on the anastomotic type, comparison with biological therapy, early aggressive surgery and pediatric surgery. Materials andMethods: After respecting the review criteria, 16 articles were included in our study, which emphasize the importance and the recent trends in the surgical management of the ileocecal disease. Results: All 16 articles met criteria for good quality, suggesting a low risk of bias, focusing primarily on early surgery, the role of Kono-S anastomosis as well as pediatric considerations. Conclusions: While the choice of the Kono-S anastomosis remains debatable, significant progress has been made in terms of early surgery which improves the long-term outcomes in patients while minimizing the risk of morbidity and mortality.