Economic, Environmental, Social and Technical Assessment of Energy Production Methods in the Philippines Using Analytical Hierarchy Process Approach

The Philippines depends on imported fuels for its energy needs, driving the development of energy production methods and affecting sustainable growth. Considering the economic, environmental, social, and technical factors, this study assessed conventional and renewable energy production methods (EPMs) using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) approach. Thirty experts from energy companies, academia, and regulatory bodies were consulted for this study. The methodology involved a literature review and SpiceLogic AHP software analysis. In the Business-as-Usual (BAU) scenario, the economic criterion (0.450) was prioritized, with coal (0.554) being the top source owing to its cost-effectiveness. The emission scenario prioritized environmental criteria (0.394), favoring natural gas (0.466) for lower-emission values. The Kea scenario emphasized environmental criteria (0.338), with wind energy (0.412) preferred for minimal environmental impact. The Tui scenario showed a preference for solar energy (0.375), emphasizing economic criteria (0.401). The policy implications include prioritizing natural gas infrastructure, phasing out coal, enhancing oil production standards, increasing renewable energy investment, promoting financial incentives, improving resource management, and strengthening regulations for a sustainable energy mix. Future research should examine more energy sources, scenarios, and stakeholder engagement to evaluate the long-term sustainability.