Nanoparticles Effects on Pulsatile Flow of Blood and Cattaneo–Christov Heat Flux Model in Arteries With Stenosis and Aneurysm

In this paper, we have discussed the pulsatile, unsteady blood (containing nanoparticles) flow via an artery that has a combined effect of aneurysm and stenosis, also using the Cattaneo–Christov heat flux to analyze the heat transfer effects within the physical system. Making the assumption that the stenotic condition is mild simplifies the coupled non‐linear partial differential equations. The method of finite difference is implemented to resolve the coupled differential equations numerically. Graphs are developed to illustrate the impacts of nanoparticles, in addition to stenosis/aneurysm on flow rate of blood, impedance, and wall shear stress. A comparison of pure blood profiles with the graphical results of the nanoparticle fluid profiles shows a significant deviation. The instantaneous behavior of streamline patterns for various parameters of interest designates the variation in the circulating regions within the flow field. Thermal therapies like cryotherapy or hyperthermia are used in the principles of heat transfer to treat the different vascular diseases. Nanoparticles can be utilized to sense the temperature differences, thermal therapies, and transfer of heat in the examination of vascular disease.