The flow of blood through stenotic arteries is considered one of the most significant areas of investigation in the world of mathematical fluid mechanics. This significance arises from the topic's application to the field of biomedicine. Within an arterial system of blood that has been stenosed, the goal of this research initiative is to investigate the effect that nanoparticles have on the characteristics that define the human circulatory system. The current investigation analyzes blood flow behavior in a controlled, permeable artery employing the Casson hybrid nanofluid model and, additionally, gold, Cu, and silver nanoparticles. The current study examines the investigation of magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) Casson hybrid nanofluid Darcy-Forchheimer flow (DFF) over a stenotic artery with a heat source/sink. By transforming the partial differential equations (PDEs) into ordinary differential equations (ODEs) by utilizing suitable similarity variables. After that, the mathematical solution of these equations used the BVP4c method in the MATLAB solver and analysis for skin and Nusselt number table values for hybrid nanofluid cases. The statistical analysis is used to solve for different physical factors. During a study in which values of both variables are subject to essentially unknown oversights, the task is utilizing statistical techniques to discover the best possible linear equations. In this concept, two different hybrid nanomaterials are used for analyzing heat transfer characteristics. According to these graphical results, the present model concludes that case-2 has better performance than case-1. Rising values of the magnetic parameter improve heat transfer owing to Joule heating impacts and control flow via the Lorentz force, which in turn affects the distribution of shear stresses close to the artery wall. The current work highlights the role of nanoparticles and magnetic fields in enhancing flexibility near arteries' surfaces. This work has substantial repercussions for the treatment of cancer and the treatments that are used to avoid cardiovascular disease, as it suggests that improved heat transfer and shear stress distribution can enhance the effectiveness of therapies targeting tumor cells and improve blood flow in cardiovascular interventions.
Ramasekhar et al. (Sun,) studied this question.