Magnetohydrodynamic hybrid blood nanofluid flow and heat transfer in a bifurcated stenosed artery with slip effects

Atherosclerosis is a chronic disease caused by the accumulation of plaques on arterial walls, leading to wall damage and narrowing of vessels that supply blood to body tissues. This paper provides a computational aspect for magnetohydrodynamic (MHD), slip, and no-slip hybrid nanofluid flow through a stenosed bifurcated artery. A hybrid nanofluid containing iron oxide and gold nanoparticles suspended in blood is developed to analyze the influence of an externally generated transverse magnetic field on flow regulation. The nonlinear partial differential equations of the model are solved by employing the Galerkin finite element method, which is implemented in COMSOL Multiphysics. The impacts of magnetic field strength, slip and no-slip boundary constraints, and nanoparticle concentration affect velocity, pressure, and thermal distributions. The results indicate that the presence of magnetic field suppresses velocity fluctuations and stabilizes flow, while the hybrid nanoparticles enhance heat transfer and promote smoother uniform velocity profiles. This slip boundary condition significantly reduces wall shear stress compared with the no-slip constraint and allows for more physiologically realistic flow. With respect to the MHD and hybrid nanoparticles, the recirculation zones are further suppressed, resulting in the recovery of flow symmetry. Biomedical applications of gold and iron oxide nanoparticles are categorized into three main areas: targeted drug delivery field, localized hyperthermia, and improved therapy for arterial diseases such as atherosclerosis and thrombosis.