Key result
The Functional Mock-up Interface (FMI) co-simulation successfully integrated a 3D computational fluid dynamics model with a lumped parameter model, reproducing clinical hemodynamics with less than 10% difference.
Why the study?
As multiscale cardiovascular computational models increase in complexity, there is a need to efficiently integrate subsystems.
Does Functional Mock-up Interface (FMI) co-simulation accurately couple CFD and LPM models to simulate hemodynamics in a pediatric univentricular parallel circulation?
Does Functional Mock-up Interface (FMI) co-simulation accurately couple CFD and LPM models to simulate hemodynamics in a pediatric univentricular parallel circulation?
FMI co-simulation is an effective and modular approach for integrating multiscale computational models of pediatric cardiovascular physiology, accurately reproducing clinical hemodynamics.
Facilitates multiscale hemodynamic modeling in pediatric animal models; leaves open clinical validation in univentricular patients.
PURPOSE: Computational models of the cardiovascular system continue to increase in complexity. As more elements of the physiology are captured in multiscale models, there is a need to efficiently integrate subsystems. The objective of this study is to demonstrate the effectiveness of a coupling methodology, called functional mock-up interface (FMI), as applied to multiscale cardiovascular modeling. METHODS: The multiscale model is composed of two subsystems: a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model coupled to a lumped parameter model (LPM). The LPM is packaged using the FMI standard and imported into the CFD subsystem using an FMI co-simulation architecture. The functionality of an FMI coupling was demonstrated in a univentricular parallel circulation by means of compatible tools, including ANSYS CFX and Python. Predicted pressures and flows were evaluated in comparison with clinical data and a previously developed computational model. RESULTS: The two models exchanged pressure and flow data between their boundaries at each timestep, demonstrating sufficient inter-subsystem communication. The models recreated pressures and flows from clinical measurements and a patient-specific model previously published. CONCLUSION: FMI integrated with ANSYS CFX is an effective approach for interfacing cardiovascular multiscale models as demonstrated by the presented univentricular circulatory model. FMI offers a modular approach towards tool integration and is an advantageous strategy for modeling complex systems.
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Garven et al. (2025) studied Univentricular parallel circulation (Single ventricle defect). Functional Mock-up Interface (FMI) co-simulation coupling vs. Clinical measurements and LPM-only model was evaluated on Difference between simulated and clinical hemodynamic parameters. The Functional Mock-up Interface (FMI) co-simulation successfully integrated a 3D computational fluid dynamics model with a lumped parameter model, reproducing clinical hemodynamics with less than 10% difference.
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