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Abstract A general procedure for assessing the structural invariance of multi-item concepts across many different situations is described. Specifically, invariance across cultural groups, time, and different media of assessment is addressed. An eight-step procedure that integrates many domain-specific approaches is proposed. Then three applications are presented to demonstrate how the procedure should be used in various substantive domains. Strengths and weaknesses of the procedure are discussed.
Taris et al. (Fri,) studied this question.
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