Demonstration of a Quantum Gate Using Electromagnetically Induced Transparency

We demonstrate a native CNOT gate between two individually addressed neutral atoms based on electromagnetically induced transparency. This protocol utilizes the strong long-range interactions of Rydberg states to enable conditional state transfer on the target qubit when operated in the blockade regime. An advantage of this scheme is it enables implementation of multiqubit CNOTᵏ gates using a pulse sequence independent of qubit number, providing a simple gate for efficient implementation of digital quantum algorithms and stabilizer measurements for quantum error correction. We achieve a loss corrected gate fidelity of FCNOTᶜᵒʳ=0.82(6), and prepare an entangled Bell state with FBellᶜᵒʳ=0.66(5), limited at present by laser power. We present a number of technical improvements to advance this to a level required for fault-tolerant scaling.