Influence of endurance versus resistance exercise training on central and peripheral chemoreflexes in young healthy individuals

Figures

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  Fig. 1. Ventilatory and mean arterial pressure responses to central chemoreflex activation. PETCO2: end-tidal partial pressure of carbon dioxide, MAP: mean arterial pressure. Panels A-C show minute ventilation, PETCO2 and MAP, respectively, between exercise training groups in response to hyperoxic hypercapnic rebreathing. Panels D-F show ventilatory central chemoreflex sensitivity, central chemoreflex basal ventilation, and central chemoreflex ventilatory recruitment threshold, respectively. Data are presented as means ± standard deviation (SD). Closed symbols indicate male participants, and open symbols indicate female participants.

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  Fig. 2. Cerebrovascular responses to hyperoxic hypercapnic rebreathing. MCAv: middle cerebral artery velocity, CVCi: cerebrovascular conductance index. Panels A-C show MCAv, CVCi and pulsatility index, respectively, between exercise training groups in response to hyperoxic hypercapnic rebreathing. Panels D and E show cerebrovascular CO2 reactivity calculated with MCAv and CVCi, respectively. Data are presented as means ± SD. Closed symbols indicate male participants, and open symbols indicate female participants.

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  Fig. 3. Ventilatory and mean arterial pressure responses to peripheral chemoreflex activation. PETO2: end-tidal partial pressure of oxygen, MAP: mean arterial pressure. Panels A-C show minute ventilation, PETO2 and MAP, respectively, between exercise training groups in response to steady-state isocapnic hypoxia and Panel D shows ventilatory peripheral chemoreflex sensitivity. Data are presented as means ± SD. Closed symbols indicate male participants, and open symbols indicate female participants.

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  Fig. 4. Cerebrovascular responses to steady-state isocapnic hypoxia. MCAv: middle cerebral artery velocity, CVCi: cerebrovascular conductance index. Panels A-C show MCAv, and pulsatility index, respectively, between exercise training groups in response to steady-state isocapnic hypoxia. Data are presented as means ± SD. Closed symbols indicate male participants, and open symbols indicate female participants.