Key result
Multilayer perceptron analysis of radial BP waveforms distinguishes Alzheimer's disease from controls with ~83% accuracy.
Why the study?
Cerebrovascular atherosclerosis is a prominent pathological feature of Alzheimer disease that may extend to extracranial arteries, but whether arterial pulse-wave measurements and multilayer perceptron analysis can distinguish Alzheimer disease from control subjects was unknown.
Does arterial pulse-wave measurement combined with multilayer perceptron analysis accurately distinguish Alzheimer's disease patients from control subjects?
Case-Control (n=161)
No
Does arterial pulse-wave measurement combined with multilayer perceptron analysis accurately distinguish Alzheimer's disease patients from control subjects?
Noninvasive arterial pulse waveform analysis combined with machine learning can accurately distinguish Alzheimer's disease patients from healthy controls, likely reflecting AD-induced changes in vascular stiffness.
May aid noninvasive Alzheimer's screening; hypothesis-generating and requires prospective validation before clinical adoption.
Cerebrovascular atherosclerosis has been identified as a prominent pathological feature of Alzheimer's disease (AD); the link between vessel pathology and AD risk may also extend to extracranial arteries. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of using arterial pulse-wave measurements and multilayer perceptron (MLP) analysis in distinguishing between AD and control subjects. Radial blood pressure waveform (BPW) and finger photoplethysmography signals were measured noninvasively for 3 min in 87 AD patients and 74 control subjects. The 5-layer MLP algorithm employed evaluated the following 40 harmonic pulse indices: amplitude proportion and its coefficient of variation, and phase angle and its standard deviation. The BPW indices differed significantly between the AD patients (6247 pulses) and control subjects (6626 pulses). Significant intergroup differences were found between mild, moderate, and severe AD (defined by Mini-Mental-State-Examination scores). The hold-out test results indicated an accuracy of 82.86%, a specificity of 92.31%, and a 0.83 AUC of ROC curve when using the MLP-based classification between AD and Control. The identified differences can be partly attributed to AD-induced changes in vascular elastic properties. The present findings may be meaningful in facilitating the development of a noninvasive, rapid, inexpensive, and objective method for detecting and monitoring the AD status.
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Lin et al. (2021) conducted a case-control in Alzheimer's disease (n=161). Arterial pulse-wave measurements and multilayer perceptron (MLP) analysis vs. Control subjects was evaluated on Accuracy of MLP-based classification between AD and Control using BPW indices (hold-out test) (AUC 0.83). Multilayer perceptron analysis of radial blood pressure waveform indices distinguished Alzheimer's disease patients from control subjects with an accuracy of 82.86% and an AUC of 0.83.
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