Key result
Small sinusoidal length changes superimposed on isometric contractions in mouse muscles revealed that stiffness increases more rapidly than force during contraction and decreases less rapidly during relaxation.
Demonstrates a nonlinear relationship between stiffness and force in mammalian skeletal muscle, potentially explained by parallel and series elastic elements.
Does not warrant clinical changes; leaves open elastic element roles in human muscle mechanics.
Small, sinusoidal length changes were superimposed on isometric contractions of fast- and slow-twitch mouse muscles, which were stimulated maximally via their nerves. Stiffness increased with increasing frequency of sinusoidal stimulation, but the relative time course of force and stiffness changes during twitch, tetanic, or partially fused contractions was quite invariant over a range of frequencies in both muscles. Typically, stiffness increases more rapidly than force during contraction and decreases less rapidly during relaxation. This pattern was observed at various temperatures and with various numbers of stimuli. It can be described by a nonlinear relation between stiffness and force with some hysteresis. The presence in the muscle of parallel and series elastic elements, whose stiffness varies with force, may account for the nonlinear relation. This nonlinearity can be used to relate the patterns for summation of force and stiffness observed with brief trains of stimuli under a variety of conditions.
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Stein et al. (1986) studied Normal physiology (mouse skeletal muscle). Sinusoidal length changes during isometric contractions was evaluated on Stiffness and force changes during twitch, tetanic, or partially fused contractions. Small sinusoidal length changes superimposed on isometric contractions in mouse muscles revealed that stiffness increases more rapidly than force during contraction and decreases less rapidly during relaxation.
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