Generalized expression for polarization density

A general polarization density which consists of classical and neoclassical parts is systematically derived via modern gyrokinetics and bounce kinetics by employing a phase-space Lagrangian Lie-transform perturbation method. The origins of polarization density are further elucidated. Extending the work on neoclassical polarization for long wavelength compared to ion banana width [M. N. Rosenbluth and F. L. Hinton, Phys. Rev. Lett. 80, 724 (1998)], an analytical formula for the generalized neoclassical polarization including both finite-banana-width and finite-Larmor-radius effects for arbitrary radial wavelength in comparison to banana width and gyroradius is derived. In additional to the contribution from trapped particles, the contribution of passing particles to the neoclassical polarization is also explicitly calculated. The generalized analytic expression agrees very well with the previous numerical results for a wide range of radial wavelength.