Guarding knowledge: Karachi Green Line Metrobus perspectives on leakage and protection

Purpose This paper aims to consider how knowledge leakage occurs, as well as how that knowledge can be protected, particularly when it pertains to interorganizational projects. This is a case study on the Green Line Metrobus in Karachi, Pakistan. Design/methodology/approach This paper uses a single case study approach. Data was collected through semistructured interviews and archival documents. Data analysis was conducted using thematic analysis. Findings The findings present the determinants of knowledge leakage, employee mobility, information disorder, misuse of knowledge-sharing tools and diverse stakeholders’ involvement. For knowledge protection, the findings provide evidence of nondisclosure agreements, standard operating procedures, education and training and sharing relevant knowledge. Originality/value By examining knowledge leakage and protection in interorganizational projects, this study contributes to the literature on protection motivation theory. Furthermore, it offers practical insights for practitioners to better understand and mitigate knowledge leakage through effective knowledge protection mechanisms.