The Effects of Physical Activity on Glycated Hemoglobin and Quality of Life in Adults with Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review of the Literature and Meta-Analysis

Background.Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disease that causes damage to organs and systems.Physical activity (PA) is essential for its prevention and control, promoting quality of life and reducing the disease's economic impact.Objectives.This study aimed to identify the effects of physical activity in young adults over 18 with DM.Methods.Systematic literature review, considering the PICO search carried out in international electronic databases (PUBMED, OVID, SCOPUS, WOS, SCIENCE DIRECT, And EBSCO) with keywords such as quality of life, exercise, and DM, clinical trials, assessment of methodological quality with the NIH quality assessment list of controlled intervention studies, risk of bias and statistical analysis with the RevMan program, following the guidelines of the Cochrane Collaboration.Results.Eight studies were included with results such that no differences are established compared to the experimental group in quality of life because Tau 2 is homogeneous with an I 2 of zero and a Chi 2 less than the degrees of freedom, and a confidence interval that shows it is not statistically significant. Conclusion.The intervention programs and the usual care group cannot detect glycated hemoglobin and PA changes.Regarding the quality of life, an effect is evident in the direction of the control group, so these groups' activities are directed that tend to improve well-being and quality of life through comprehensive interventions that address different spheres so that no differences are detected compared to the experimental group.