Answers are grounded in this paper and cite their sources.
We investigate the nonequilibrium steady-state thermodynamics of single Brownian macromolecules with inertia under feedback control in an isothermal ambient fluid. With the control being represented by a velocity-dependent external force, we find such an open system can have a negative entropy production rate, and we develop a mesoscopic theory consistent with the second law. We propose an equilibrium condition and define a class of external force, which includes the transverse Lorentz force, leading to equilibrium.
No takes yet. Share an insight, caveat, or question.
Kim et al. (2004) studied this question.
Synapse has enriched 10 related papers. Consider them for comparative context: