Key result
Cardiac asthma, defined as wheezing and cough secondary to left heart failure, lacks specific therapies, but emerging research highlights transforming growth factor-β as a potential therapeutic target.
Cardiac asthma is a manifestation of left heart failure, and its treatment focuses on the underlying cardiac pathology, with emerging research on TGF-beta signaling pathways.
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No immediate practice change for cardiac asthma; leaves open TGF-β targeting for prospective trials.
First described in the 1800s, cardiac asthma is defined as wheezing, cough, and orthopnea secondary to left heart failure. The cardiopulmonary interaction forms the basis for the pathophysiology of cardiac asthma—a state in which disease or failure of the former manifests in pathologic findings and symptoms of the latter, the majority of which are reversible with correction of the underlying cardiac pathology. Treatment is generally aimed at primary cardiac disease, as no specific therapies for cardiac asthma itself have been proven effective. More recent research has focused on the molecular biology of the inflammatory reaction and profibrotic state of cardiac and pulmonary remodeling, with transforming growth factor-β and its associated signaling pathways emerging as possible therapeutic targets.
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Carter et al. (2014) conducted a review in Cardiac asthma. Cardiac asthma, defined as wheezing and cough secondary to left heart failure, lacks specific therapies, but emerging research highlights transforming growth factor-β as a potential therapeutic target.
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