Key result
Sweets dietary pattern linked to ~64% higher carotid atherosclerosis odds in women over 50.
Why the study?
The relationship between dietary patterns and atherosclerosis remains inconclusive, and few studies have investigated this relationship with carotid atherosclerosis in a Chinese population.
Is adherence to specific dietary patterns associated with carotid atherosclerosis in adults aged 50 years or older?
Cross-Sectional (n=2,346)
No
Is adherence to specific dietary patterns associated with carotid atherosclerosis in adults aged 50 years or older?
Effect estimate: OR 1.64 (95% CI 1.08, 2.51)
p-value: p=<0.05
Greater adherence to a 'sweets' dietary pattern is associated with a higher prevalence of carotid atherosclerosis in women aged 50 or older, but not in men.
May warrant sex-specific dietary scrutiny in older women; leaves open causal confirmation via prospective studies.
Background: The relationship between dietary patterns and atherosclerosis is inconclusive. Usually, diets vary greatly among different regions due to cultural differences and lifestyles. Few studies to date based on a Chinese population have investigated the relationship between dietary patterns and the formation of atherosclerosis in carotid arteries. We aimed to investigate whether dietary patterns were related to carotid atherosclerosis among an adult population in Tianjin, China. Methods: This cross-sectional study included a total of 2,346 participants aged 50 years or older (mean: 59.7 ± 6.29 years). Dietary intakes were assessed using a validated 81-item semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire, and factor analysis was used to identify dietary patterns. Carotid atherosclerosis was defined as a common carotid artery intima-media thickness ≥1.0 mm or plaques, or a carotid bifurcation intima-media thickness ≥1.2 mm. Multiple logistic regression models were used to explore the relationship between dietary patterns and carotid atherosclerosis. Results: Three factors were determined: “health” dietary pattern (factor 1), “traditional Tianjin” dietary pattern (factor 2), and “sweets” dietary pattern (factor 3). The multivariable-adjusted odds ratios (95% CI) of carotid atherosclerosis for the increasing quartiles of the sweets dietary pattern scores in women were as follows: 1.00 (reference), 1.33 (0.91, 1.97), 1.21 (0.82, 1.79), 1.64 (1.08, 2.51) ( p for trend <0.05). No significant difference was found between any dietary pattern and carotid atherosclerosis in men. Conclusion: Greater adherence to “sweets” dietary patterns was positively related to a higher prevalence of carotid atherosclerosis in women aged 50 or older. No relationship was found between any dietary pattern and carotid atherosclerosis in men. Further prospective studies are warranted to test this finding in other populations.
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Liu et al. (2021) conducted a cross-sectional in Carotid atherosclerosis (n=2,346). Sweets dietary pattern vs. Lowest quartile of sweets dietary pattern was evaluated on Prevalence of carotid atherosclerosis (OR 1.64, 95% CI 1.08, 2.51, p=<0.05). Greater adherence to a 'sweets' dietary pattern was associated with a 1.64-fold higher odds of carotid atherosclerosis in women aged 50 years or older, whereas no significant relationship was observed in men.
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